LeX-Ray

Regulation 1998/994 empowers the Commission to set out in a regulation a threshold below which aid measures are considered not to meet all the criteria of Article 87(1) of the Treaty and therefore do not fall under the notification procedure provided for in Article 88(3) of the Treaty.

The Commission has applied Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty and has in particular clarified, in numerous decisions, the notion of ‘aid’ within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the Treaty. The Commission, most recently in Regulation 2001/69 ( 3 ) , has also stated its policy with regard to a de minimis ceiling, under which Article 87(1) can be considered not to apply. In view of the special rules which apply in the agriculture and fisheries sectors, and of the risks that even low levels of aid could fulfil the criteria of Article 87(1) of the Treaty in these sectors, Regulation 2001/69 does not apply to these sectors.

In the light of the experience acquired by the Commission, especially since the entry into force of Council EAGGF of 17 May 1999 on support for rural development from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) and amending and repealing certain Regulation ( 4 ) , and the Community guidelines for state aid in the agriculture sector ( 5 ) , it can be affirmed that very low levels of aid granted in the agriculture sector do not fulfil the criteria of Article 87(1) of the Treaty, provided that certain conditions are met. This is the case where both the amount of aid received by individual producers remains small, and the overall level of aid granted to the agriculture sector does not go above a small percentage of the value of production. Agricultural production in the Community is normally characterised by the fact that every commodity is produced by a large number of very small producers, producing largely interchangeable goods within the framework of common organisations of the market. For this reason, the impact of small amounts of aid granted to individual producers over a given period of time should be related to the value of agricultural production at sectoral level over the same period of time. A ceiling in the form of an amount per Member State established on the basis of the value of output in the agriculture sector allows a consistent approach in all Member States, based on an objective economic reference value.

In the light of the experience of the Commission in the assessment of State aid in the fisheries sector, especially since the entry into force of the Community guidelines for the examination of state aid to fisheries and aquaculture ( 6 ) , and of Council Regulation 1999/2792 of 17 December 1999 laying down the detailed rules and arrangements for Community structural assistance in the fisheries sector ( 7 ) , it can be affirmed that very low levels of aid granted in the fisheries sector do not fulfil the criteria of Article 87(1) of the Treaty, provided that certain conditions are met. Given the similarities of the production patterns in the fisheries sector and the agriculture sector, this is the case where both the amount of aid received by individual enterprises remains small, and the overall level of aid granted to the fisheries sector does not go above a small percentage of the value of production.

With a view to increasing transparency and legal certainty, it seems appropriate to lay down a de minimis rule for the agriculture and fisheries sector in a regulation.

In the light of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture ( 8 ) , this Regulation should not exempt export aid or aid favouring domestic over imported products. Member States are under an obligation to refrain from granting any support contrary to the commitments contained in that Agreement. Aid towards the cost of participating in trade fairs, or towards studies or consultancy services needed for the launch of a new or existing product on a new market, does not normally constitute export aid. The European Court of Justice in its judgment of 19 September 2002 establishes that, once the Community has legislated for the establishment of a common organisation of the market in a given sector of agriculture, Member States are under an obligation to refrain from taking any measure which might undermine or create exceptions to it ( 9 ) . This principle also applies in the fisheries sector. For this reason, this Regulation should not apply to aid the amount of which is fixed on the basis of price or quantity of products put on the market.

In the light of the Commission’s experience, it can be affirmed that aid not exceeding a ceiling of EUR 3 000 per beneficiary over any period of three years, where the total amount of such aid granted to all enterprises over three years remains below a ceiling to be set by the Commission at around 0,3 % of the annual agricultural output or of the fisheries output, does not affect trade between Member States and/or does not distort or threaten to distort competition and therefore does not fall under Article 87(1) of the Treaty. The three-year period should be mobile, so that for each new grant of de minimis aid, the total amount of such aid granted during the previous three years needs to be determined. The de minimis aid should be considered to be granted at the moment when the legal right to receive the aid is conferred on the beneficiary. The de minimis rule is without prejudice to the possibility that enterprises may receive, for the same project, State aid authorised by the Commission or covered by a group exemption Regulation.

In the interest of transparency, equal treatment and the proper application of the de minimis ceilings, it is appropriate that Member States should apply the same method of calculation. In order to facilitate this calculation and in accordance with Regulation EC No 69/2001, it is appropriate that aid amounts not taking the form of a cash grant should be converted into their gross grant equivalent. Calculation of the grant equivalent of aid payable in several instalments, and calculation of aid in the form of a soft loan, requires the use of market interest rates prevailing at the time of grant. With a view to a uniform, transparent and simple application of the State aid rules, the market rates for the purposes of this Regulation should be deemed to be the reference rates, provided that, in the case of a soft loan, the loan is backed by normal security and does not involve abnormal risk. The reference rates should be those which are periodically fixed by the Commission on the basis of objective criteria and published in the Official Journal of the European Union and on the Internet.

The Commission has a duty to ensure that State aid rules are complied with, and in particular that aid granted under the de minimis rules adheres to the conditions thereof. In accordance with the cooperation principle laid down in Article 10 of the Treaty, Member States should facilitate the achievement of this task by establishing the necessary machinery to ensure that the total amount of aid, granted under the de minimis rule, does not exceed either the ceiling of EUR 3 000 per beneficiary or the overall ceilings established by the Commission on the basis of the value of agricultural or fishery output per Member State over a three-year period. To that end, it is appropriate that Member States, when granting a de minimis aid, should inform the enterprise concerned of the de minimis character of the aid, receive full information about other de minimis aid received during the previous three years, and carefully check that the de minimis ceilings will not be exceeded by the new de minimis aid. Alternatively, compliance with the ceilings may also be ensured by means of a central register.

Having regard to the Commission’s experience and in particular the frequency with which it is generally necessary to revise State aid policy, it is appropriate to limit the period of application of this Regulation. Should this Regulation expire without being extended, Member States should have an adjustment period of six months with regard to de minimis aid schemes which were covered by it. For the sake of legal certainty, it is appropriate to clarify the effect of this Regulation on aid granted before its entry into force,