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Coordination of Safeguards Which for the Protection of the Interests of Members and Others Are Required by Member States of Companies Within the Meaning of the Second Paragraph of Article 54 of the Treaty Functioning of the European Union in Respect of the Formation of Public Limited Liability Companies and the Maintenance and Alteration of Their Capital with a View to Making Such Safeguards Equivalent Text with EEA Relevance Directive
Article 1: The coordination measures prescribed by this Directive shall apply to the provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States relating to the types of company listed in Annex I.
The name for any company of the types listed in Annex I shall comprise or be accompanied by a description which is distinct from the description required of other types of companies.
The expression ‘investment company with variable capital’, within the meaning of this Directive, means only those companies:
Article 2: The statutes or the instrument of incorporation of the company shall always give at least the following information:
Article 3: The following information at least must appear in either the statutes or the instrument of incorporation or a separate document published in accordance with the procedure laid down in the laws of each Member State in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2009/101/EC:
Article 4: Where the laws of a Member State prescribe that a company may not commence business without authorisation, they shall also make provision for responsibility for liabilities incurred by or on behalf of the company during the period before such authorisation is granted or refused.
Article 5: Where the laws of a Member State require a company to be formed by more than one member, the fact that all the shares are held by one person or that the number of members has fallen below the legal minimum after incorporation of the company shall not lead to the automatic dissolution of the company.
Article 6: The laws of the Member States shall require that, in order that a company may be incorporated or obtain authorisation to commence business, a minimum capital shall be subscribed the amount of which shall be not less than EUR 25 000.
Article 7: The subscribed capital may be formed only of assets capable of economic assessment. However, an undertaking to perform work or supply services may not form part of those assets.
Article 8: Shares may not be issued at a price lower than their nominal value, or, where there is no nominal value, their accountable par.
However, Member States may allow those who undertake to place shares in the exercise of their profession to pay less than the total price of the shares for which they subscribe in the course of that transaction.
Article 9: Shares issued for a consideration must be paid up at the time the company is incorporated or is authorised to commence business at not less than 25 % of their nominal value or, in the absence of a nominal value, their accountable par.
However, where shares are issued for a consideration other than in cash at the time the company is incorporated or is authorised to commence business, the consideration must be transferred in full within five years of that time.
Article 10: A report on any consideration other than in cash shall be drawn up before the company is incorporated or is authorised to commence business, by one or more independent experts appointed or approved by an administrative or judicial authority. Such experts may be natural persons as well as legal persons and companies or firms under the laws of each Member State.
Where Member States decide to apply this Article in the cases referred to in the first subparagraph, they may provide that the report under this Article and the report by one or more independent experts on the draft terms of merger or division may be drawn up by the same expert or experts.
Article 11: Member States may decide not to apply Article 10(1), (2) and (3) of this Directive where, upon a decision of the administrative or management body, transferable securities as defined in point 18 of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments ( 11 ) or money-market instruments as defined in point 19 of Article 4(1) of that Directive are contributed as consideration other than in cash, and those securities or money-market instruments are valued at the weighted average price at which they have been traded on one or more regulated markets as defined in point 14 of Article 4(1) of that Directive during a sufficient period, to be determined by national law, preceding the effective date of the contribution of the respective consideration other than in cash.
However, where that price has been affected by exceptional circumstances that would significantly change the value of the asset at the effective date of its contribution, including situations where the market for such transferable securities or money-market instruments has become illiquid, a revaluation shall be carried out on the initiative and under the responsibility of the administrative or management body.
For the purposes of such revaluation, Article 10(1), (2) and (3) shall apply.
For the purposes of such revaluation, Article 10(1), (2) and (3) shall apply.
In the absence of such a revaluation, one or more shareholders holding an aggregate percentage of at least 5 % of the company's subscribed capital on the day the decision on the increase in the capital is taken may demand a valuation by an independent expert, in which case Article 10(1), (2) and (3) shall apply.
Such shareholder(s) may submit a demand up until the effective date of the asset contribution, provided that, at the date of the demand, the shareholder(s) in question still hold(s) an aggregate percentage of at least 5 % of the company's subscribed capital as it was on the day the decision on the increase in the capital was taken.
The second to fifth subparagraphs of paragraph 2 of this Article shall apply mutatis mutandis . mutatis mutandis
Article 12: Where consideration other than in cash as referred to in Article 11 occurs without an experts' report as referred to in Article 10(1), (2) and (3), in addition to the requirements set out in point (h) of Article 3 and within one month after the effective date of the asset contribution, a declaration containing the following shall be published:
Article 13: If, before the expiry of a time-limit laid down by national law of at least two years from the time the company is incorporated or is authorised to commence business, the company acquires any asset belonging to a person or company or firm referred to in point (i) of Article 3 for a consideration of not less than one-tenth of the subscribed capital, the acquisition shall be examined and details of it published in the manner provided for in Article 10(1), (2) and (3) and it shall be submitted for the approval of the general meeting.
Articles 11 and 12 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
Member States may also require those provisions to be applied when the assets belong to a shareholder or to any other person.
Article 14: Subject to the provisions relating to the reduction of subscribed capital, the shareholders may not be released from the obligation to pay up their contributions.
Article 15: Pending coordination of national laws at a subsequent date, Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to require provision of at least the same safeguards as are laid down in Articles 2 to 14 in the event of the conversion of another type of company into a public limited liability company.
Article 16: Articles 2 to 15 shall not prejudice the provisions of Member States on competence and procedure relating to the modification of the statutes or of the instrument of incorporation.
Article 17: Except for cases of reductions of subscribed capital, no distribution to shareholders may be made when on the closing date of the last financial year the net assets as set out in the company's annual accounts are, or following such a distribution would become, lower than the amount of the subscribed capital plus those reserves which may not be distributed under the law or the statutes.
The expression ‘investment company with fixed capital’, within the meaning of this paragraph, means only those companies:
Article 18: Any distribution made contrary to Article 17 must be returned by shareholders who have received it if the company proves that those shareholders knew of the irregularity of the distributions made to them, or could not in view of the circumstances have been unaware of it.
Article 19: In the case of a serious loss of the subscribed capital, a general meeting of shareholders must be called within the period laid down by the laws of the Member States, to consider whether the company should be wound up or any other measures taken.
Article 20: The shares of a company may not be subscribed for by the company itself.
However, the laws of a Member State may provide that any such person may be released from his obligation if he proves that no fault is attributable to him personally.
Article 21: Without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of all shareholders who are in the same position, and to Directive 2003/6/EC, Member States may permit a company to acquire its own shares, either itself or through a person acting in his own name but on the company's behalf. To the extent that the acquisitions are permitted, Member States shall make such acquisitions subject to the following conditions:
Article 22: Member States may decide not to apply Article 21 to:
Article 23: Shares acquired in contravention of Articles 21 and 22 shall be disposed of within one year of their acquisition. Should they not be disposed of within that period, Article 22(3) shall apply.
Article 24: Where the laws of a Member State permit a company to acquire its own shares, either itself or through a person acting in his own name but on the company's behalf, they shall make the holding of those shares at all times subject to at least the following conditions:
Article 25: Where Member States permit a company to, either directly or indirectly, advance funds or make loans or provide security, with a view to the acquisition of its shares by a third party, they shall make such transactions subject to the conditions set out in paragraphs 2 to 5.
The credit standing of the third party or, in the case of multiparty transactions, of each counterparty thereto shall have been duly investigated.
The administrative or management body shall present a written report to the general meeting, indicating:
The company shall include, among the liabilities in the balance sheet, a reserve, unavailable for distribution, of the amount of the aggregate financial assistance.
However, those transactions may not have the effect of reducing the net assets below the amount specified in Article 17(1).
Article 26: In cases where individual members of the administrative or management body of the company being party to a transaction referred to in Article 25(1), or of the administrative or management body of a parent undertaking within the meaning of Article 1 of Seventh Council Directive 83/349/EEC of 13 June 1983 based on the Article 50(2)(g) of the Treaty on consolidated accounts ( 13 ) or such parent undertaking itself, or individuals acting in their own name but on behalf of the members of such bodies or on behalf of such undertaking, are counterparties to such a transaction, Member States shall ensure through adequate safeguards that such transaction does not conflict with the company's best interests.
Article 27: The acceptance of the company's own shares as security, either by the company itself or through a person acting in his own name but on the company's behalf, shall be treated as an acquisition for the purposes of Article 21, Article 22(1), and Articles 24 and 25.
Article 28: The subscription, acquisition or holding of shares in a public limited liability company by another company within the meaning of Article 1 of Directive 2009/101/EC in which the public limited liability company directly or indirectly holds a majority of the voting rights or on which it can directly or indirectly exercise a dominant influence shall be regarded as having been effected by the public limited liability company itself.
The first subparagraph shall also apply where the other company is governed by the law of a third country and has a legal form comparable to those listed in Article 1 of Directive 2009/101/EC.
However, where the public limited liability company holds a majority of the voting rights indirectly or can exercise a dominant influence indirectly, Member States need not apply the first and the second subparagraphs if they provide for the suspension of the voting rights attached to the shares in the public limited liability company held by the other company.
However, the voting rights attached to those shares shall be suspended and the shares shall be taken into account when it is determined whether the condition laid down in point (b) of Article 21(1) is fulfilled.
Article 29: Any increase in capital must be decided upon by the general meeting. Both that decision and the increase in the subscribed capital shall be published in the manner laid down by the laws of each Member State, in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2009/101/EC.
Article 30: Shares issued for a consideration, in the course of an increase in subscribed capital, must be paid up to at least 25 % of their nominal value or, in the absence of a nominal value, of their accountable par. Where provision is made for an issue premium, it must be paid in full.
Article 31: Where shares are issued for a consideration other than in cash in the course of an increase in the subscribed capital the consideration must be transferred in full within a period of five years from the decision to increase the subscribed capital.
Article 10(2) and (3) and Articles 11 and 12 shall apply.
In the case of a merger or a division, however, Member States shall apply the first subparagraph only where a report by one or more independent experts on the draft terms of merger or division is drawn up.
Where Member States decide to apply paragraph 2 in the case of a merger or a division, they may provide that the report under this Article and the report by one or more independent experts on the draft terms of merger or division may be drawn up by the same expert or experts.
Article 32: Where an increase in capital is not fully subscribed, the capital will be increased by the amount of the subscriptions received only if the conditions of the issue so provide.
Article 33: Whenever the capital is increased by consideration in cash, the shares must be offered on a pre-emptive basis to shareholders in proportion to the capital represented by their shares.
Article 34: Any reduction in the subscribed capital, except under a court order, must be subject at least to a decision of the general meeting acting in accordance with the rules for a quorum and a majority laid down in Article 44 without prejudice to Articles 40 and 41. Such decision shall be published in the manner laid down by the laws of each Member State in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2009/101/EC.
The notice convening the meeting must specify at least the purpose of the reduction and the way in which it is to be carried out.
Article 35: Where there are several classes of shares, the decision by the general meeting concerning a reduction in the subscribed capital shall be subject to a separate vote, at least for each class of shareholders whose rights are affected by the transaction.
Article 36: In the event of a reduction in the subscribed capital, at least the creditors whose claims antedate the publication of the decision on the reduction shall at least have the right to obtain security for claims which have not fallen due by the date of that publication. Member States may not set aside such a right unless the creditor has adequate safeguards, or unless such safeguards are not necessary having regard to the assets of the company.
Member States shall lay down the conditions for the exercise of the right provided for in the first subparagraph. In any event, Member States shall ensure that the creditors are authorised to apply to the appropriate administrative or judicial authority for adequate safeguards provided that they can credibly demonstrate that due to the reduction in the subscribed capital the satisfaction of their claims is at stake, and that no adequate safeguards have been obtained from the company.
Article 37: Member States need not apply Article 36 to a reduction in the subscribed capital whose purpose is to offset losses incurred or to include sums of money in a reserve provided that, following that operation, the amount of such reserve is not more than 10 % of the reduced subscribed capital. Except in the event of a reduction in the subscribed capital, that reserve may not be distributed to shareholders; it may be used only for offsetting losses incurred or for increasing the subscribed capital by the capitalisation of such reserve, in so far as the Member States permit such an operation.
Article 38: The subscribed capital may not be reduced to an amount less than the minimum capital laid down in accordance with Article 6.
However, Member States may permit such a reduction if they also provide that the decision to reduce the subscribed capital may take effect only when the subscribed capital is increased to an amount at least equal to the prescribed minimum.
Article 39: Where the laws of a Member State authorise total or partial redemption of the subscribed capital without reduction of the latter, they shall at least require that the following conditions are observed:
Article 40: Where the laws of a Member State may allow companies to reduce their subscribed capital by compulsory withdrawal of shares, they shall require that at least the following conditions are observed:
Article 41: In the case of a reduction in the subscribed capital by the withdrawal of shares acquired by the company itself or by a person acting in his own name but on behalf of the company, the withdrawal must always be decided on by the general meeting.
Article 42: In the cases covered by Article 39, point (b) of Article 40(1) and Article 41(1), when there are several classes of shares, the decision by the general meeting concerning redemption of the subscribed capital or its reduction by withdrawal of shares shall be subject to a separate vote, at least for each class of shareholders whose rights are affected by the transaction.
Article 43: Where the laws of a Member State authorise companies to issue redeemable shares, they shall require that the following conditions, at least, are complied with for the redemption of such shares:
Article 44: The laws of the Member States shall provide that the decisions referred to in Articles 33(4) and (5) and Articles 34, 35, 39 and 42 must be taken at least by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the securities or the subscribed capital represented.
The laws of the Member States may, however, lay down that a simple majority of the votes specified in the first paragraph is sufficient when at least half the subscribed capital is represented.
Article 45: Member States may derogate from the first paragraph of Article 9, the first sentence of point (a) of Article 21(1) and Articles 29, 30 and 33 to the extent that such derogations are necessary for the adoption or application of provisions designed to encourage the participation of employees, or other groups of persons defined by national law, in the capital of undertakings.
Article 46: For the purposes of the implementation of this Directive, the laws of the Member States shall ensure equal treatment to all shareholders who are in the same position.
Article 47: Member States may decide not to apply points (g), (i), (j) and (k) of Article 3 to companies already in existence at the date of entry into force of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions adopted in order to comply with Directive 77/91/EEC.
Article 48: Directive 77/91/EEC, as amended by the Acts listed in Annex II, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law and application of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B.
References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex III.
Article 49: This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union . Official Journal of the European Union
Article 50: This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Recital 1
Recital 2
Recital 3
Recital 4
Recital 5
Recital 6
Recital 7
Recital 8
Recital 9
Recital 10
Recital 11
Recital 12
Recital 13
Recital 14
Recital 15
TYPES OF COMPANIES REFERRED TO IN THE FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 1(1) TYPES OF COMPANIES REFERRED TO IN THE FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 1(1)
PART A PART A
Repealed Directive with its successive amendments Repealed Directive with its successive amendments
(referred to in Article 48) (referred to in Article 48)
List of time-limits for transposition into national law and application List of time-limits for transposition into national law and application
(referred to in Article 48) (referred to in Article 48)
CORRELATION TABLE CORRELATION TABLE
Footnote p0: Done at Strasbourg, 25 October 2012.