2.
Animals that are injured or that present physiological weaknesses or pathological processes shall not be considered fit for
transport and in particular if:
a
they are unable to move independently without pain or to walk unassisted;
b
they present a severe open wound, or prolapse;
c
they are pregnant females for whom 90 % or more of the expected gestation period has already passed, or females who have given birth in the previous week;
d
they are new-born mammals in which the navel has not completely healed;
e
they are pigs of less than three weeks, lambs of less than one week and calves of less than ten days of age, unless they are
transported less than 100 km;
f
they are dogs and cats of less than eight weeks of age, unless they are accompanied by their mother;
g
they are cervine
animals in velvet.
3.
However, sick or injured
animals may be considered fit for
transport if they are:
a
slightly injured or ill and
transport would not cause additional suffering; in cases of doubt, veterinary advice shall be sought;
b
transported for the purposes of Council Directive 86/609/EEC ( 1 ) if the illness or injury is part of a research programme;
c
transported under veterinary supervision for or following veterinary treatment or diagnosis. However, such
transport shall be permitted only where no unnecessary suffering or ill treatment is caused to the
animals concerned;
d
animals that have been submitted to veterinary procedures in relation to farming practices such as dehorning or castration, provided that wounds have completely healed.
4.
When
animals fall ill or are injured during
transport, they shall be separated from the others and receive first-aid treatment as soon as possible. They shall be given appropriate veterinary treatment and if necessary undergo emergency slaughter or killing in a way which does not cause them any unnecessary suffering.
5.
Sedatives shall not be used on
animals to be
transported unless strictly necessary to ensure the welfare of the
animals and shall only be used under veterinary supervision.
6.
Lactating females of bovine, ovine and caprine species not accompanied by their offspring shall be milked at intervals of not more than 12 hours.
7.
Requirements of paragraphs 2(c) and 2(d) do not apply for
registered Equidae if the purpose of the
journeys is to improve the health and welfare conditions of birth, or for newly born foals with their registered mares, provided that in both cases the
animals are permanently accompanied by an
attendant, dedicated to them during the
journey.
a
avoid injury and suffering and to ensure the safety of the
animals;
b
protect the
animals from inclement weather, extreme temperatures and adverse changes in climatic conditions;
c
be cleaned and disinfected;
d
prevent the
animals escaping or falling out and be able to withstand the stresses of movements;
e
ensure that air quality and quantity appropriate to the species
transported can be maintained;
f
provide access to the
animals to allow them to be inspected and cared for;
g
present a flooring surface that is anti-slip;
h
present a flooring surface that minimises the leakage of urine or faeces;
i
provide a means of lighting sufficient for inspection and care of the
animals during
transport.
1.2.
Sufficient space shall be provided inside the
animals' compartment and at each of its levels to ensure that there is adequate ventilation above the
animals when they are in a naturally standing position, without on any account hindering their natural movement.
1.3.
For wild
animals and for species other than domestic Equidae or domestic
animals of bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species where appropriate, the following documents shall accompany the
animals:
a
a notice indicating that the
animals are wild, timid or dangerous;
b
written instructions about feeding, watering and any special care required.
1.4.
Partitions shall be strong enough to withstand the weight of
animals. Fittings shall be designed for quick and easy operation.
1.5.
Piglets of less than 10 kgs, lambs of less than 20 kgs, calves of less than six months and foals of less than four months of age shall be provided with appropriate bedding material or equivalent material which guarantees their comfort appropriate to the species, the number of
animals being
transported, the
journey time, and the weather. This material has to ensure adequate absorption of urine and faeces.
1.6.
Without prejudice to Community or national rules on crew and passenger safety, where
transport on a vessel, an aircraft or a rail wagon is to last more than three hours, a means of killing suitable for the species shall be available to the
attendant or a person on board who has the necessary skill to perform this task humanely and efficiently.
2
Additional provisions for
transport by road or rail
2.2.
Road
vehicles shall carry suitable equipment for loading and unloading.
2.3.
When assembling trains and during all other movement of rail wagons every precaution shall be taken to avoid jolting of a rail wagon containing
animals.
3.1.
Before loading onto a vessel the master shall verify that when
vehicles are loaded:
a
on enclosed decks, the vessel is equipped with an appropriate forced ventilation system and it is fitted with an alarm system and an adequate secondary source of power in case of failure;
b
on open decks, adequate protection from sea water is provided.
3.2.
Road
vehicles and rail wagons shall be equipped with a sufficient number of adequately designed, positioned and maintained securing points enabling them to be securely fastened to the vessel. Road
vehicles and rail wagons shall be secured to the vessel before the start of the sea
journey to prevent them being displaced by the motion of the vessel.
4.2.
Animals shall be
transported only in conditions where air quality, temperature and pressure can be maintained within an appropriate range during the entire
journey, having regard to the species of
animals.
1.1.
Due regard shall be paid to the need of certain categories of
animals, such as wild
animals, to become acclimatised to the mode of
transport prior to the proposed
journey.
1.2.
Where loading or unloading operations last for more than four hours, except for poultry:
a
appropriate facilities shall be available in order to keep, feed and water the
animals outside the
means of transport without being tied;
b
operations shall be supervised by an authorised veterinarian and particular precautions shall be taken to ensure that the welfare of the
animals is properly maintained during these operations.
Facilities and procedures
1.3.
Facilities for loading and unloading, including the flooring, shall be designed, constructed, maintained and operated so as to:
a
prevent injury and suffering and minimise excitement and distress during
animal movements as well as to ensure the safety of the
animals. In particular, surfaces shall not be slippery and lateral protections shall be provided so as to prevent
animals from escaping;
b
be cleaned and disinfected.
1.4.
(a) Ramps shall not be steeper than an angle of 20 degrees, that is 36,4 % to the horizontal for pigs, calves and horses and an angle of 26 degrees 34 minutes, that is 50 % to the horizontal for sheep and cattle other than calves. Where the slope is steeper than 10 degrees, that is 17,6 % to the horizontal, ramps shall be fitted with a system, such as provided by foot battens, which ensure that the
animals climb or go down without risks or difficulties; (b) lifting platforms and upper floors shall have safety barriers so as to prevent
animals falling or escaping during loading and unloading operations.
1.6.
Appropriate lighting shall be provided during loading and unloading.
a
to avoid, or in the case of poultry, rabbits and fur
animals, to limit urine and faeces falling on the
animals placed underneath;
c
to ensure that ventilation is not impeded.
1.8.
It shall be prohibited to:
b
apply pressure to any particularly sensitive part of the body in such a way as to cause them unnecessary pain or suffering;
c
suspend the
animals themselves by mechanical means;
d
lift or drag the
animals by head, ears, horns, legs, tail or fleece, or handle them in such a way as to cause them unnecessary pain or suffering;
e
use prods or other implements with pointed ends;
f
knowingly obstruct any
animal which is being driven or led through any part where
animals are handled.
1.9.
The use of instruments which administer electric shocks shall be avoided as far as possible. In any case, these instruments shall only be used for adult bovine
animals and adult pigs which refuse to move and only when they have room ahead of them in which to move. The shocks shall last no longer than one second, be adequately spaced and shall only be applied to the muscles of the hindquarters. Shocks shall not be used repeatedly if the
animal fails to respond.
1.11.
Animals shall not be tied by the horns, the antlers, the nose rings nor by legs tied together. Calves shall not be muzzled. Domestic Equidae older than eight months shall wear halters during
transport except for unbroken horses. When
animals need to be tied, the ropes, tethers or other means used shall be:
a
strong enough not to break during normal
transport conditions;
b
such as to allow the
animals, if necessary, to lie down and to eat and drink;
c
designed in such a way as to eliminate any danger of strangulation or injury, and so as to allow
animals to be quickly released.
b
animals of significantly different sizes or ages;
c
adult breeding boars or stallions;
d
sexually mature males from females;
1.13.
Points (a), (b), (c) and (e) of paragraph 1.12. shall not apply where the
animals have been raised in compatible groups, are accustomed to each other, where separation will cause distress or where females are accompanied by dependent young.
2.2.
Domestic Equidae except mares travelling with their foals shall be
transported in individual stalls when the
vehicle is loaded onto a
Roll-on-Roll-off vessel. Derogation to this provision may be granted under national rules provided that they are notified by the Member States to the Standing Committee on the food Chain and
Animal Health.
2.3.
Equidae shall not be
transported in multi-deck
vehicles except if
animals are loaded on the lowest deck with no
animals on higher deck. The minimum internal height of compartment shall be at least 75 cm higher than the height of the withers of the highest
animal.
2.6.
Sufficient ventilation shall be provided to ensure that the needs of the
animals are fully met taking into account in particular the number and type of the
animals to be
transported and the expected weather conditions during the
journey.
Containers shall be stored in a way which does not impede their ventilation.
2.7.
During
transport,
animals shall be offered water, feed and the opportunity to rest as appropriate to their species and age, at suitable intervals and in particular as referred to in
Chapter V. If not otherwise specified, Mammals and Birds shall be fed at least every 24 hours and watered at least every 12 hours. The water and feed shall be of good quality and presented to the
animals in a way which minimises contamination. Due regard shall be paid to the need of
animals to become accustomed to the mode of feeding and watering.
1.
Strength for pen rails and decks shall be appropriate to the
transported animals. Strength calculations of pen rails and decks shall be verified during construction or conversion of the
livestock vessel by a classification society approved by the
competent authority.
2.
Compartments where
animals are to be
transported shall be equipped with a forced ventilation system which gives sufficient capacity to change the air in its entire volume as follows:
a
40 air changes per hour if the compartment is fully enclosed and the clear height is less or equal to 2,30 meters;
b
30 air changes per hour if the compartment is fully enclosed and the clear height is more than 2,30 meters;
c
75 % of the above relevant capacity if the compartment is partially enclosed.
3.
Storage or production capacity for fresh water shall be appropriate to meet the water requirement laid down in
Chapter VI taking into account the maximum number and the type of
animals to be
transported as well as the maximum duration of the intended
journeys.
4.
The fresh water system shall be capable of supplying freshwater continuously in each livestock area and sufficient receptacles shall be available to ensure that all
animals have easy and constant access to fresh water. Alternative pumping equipment shall be available to ensure water supply in the event of failure of the primary pumping system.
5.
The drainage system shall be of appropriate capacity to drain fluids from pens and decks under all conditions. Drainpipes and channels shall collect the fluids in wells or tanks from where sewage can be discharged by means of pumps or ejectors. Alternative pumping equipment shall be available to ensure drainage in the event of failure of the primary pumping system.
6.
Livestock areas, passageways and ramps to livestock areas shall be provided with sufficient lighting. Emergency lighting shall be available in case of a failure of the main electrical installation. Sufficient portable lighting shall be provided to allow the
attendant adequate inspection and care of the
animals.
7.
A fire fighting system shall be appropriately installed in all livestock areas and fire equipment within the livestock areas shall comply with the most recent the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) standards regarding fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction.
8.
The following systems for livestock shall be equipped with a monitoring, control and alarm system in the wheelhouse:
b
fresh water supply and drainage;
d
fresh water production if necessary.
9.
A primary source of power shall be sufficient to supply continuous power for the systems for livestock referred to in paragraphs (2) (4) (5) and (6) under normal operation of the
livestock vessel. A secondary source of power shall be sufficient to replace the primary source of power for a continuous period of three days.
Category
Feed (in % of live weight of
animals) Fresh water (litres per
animal) ( *1 )
Cattle and Equidae
2 1,6 45
Fodder may be replaced by concentrated feed and vice versa. However, due regard shall be paid to the need of certain categories of
animals, to become accustomed to the change of feed with regard to their metabolic needs.
1.1.
The requirements laid down in this Section apply to the movement of domestic Equidae, except
registered Equidae, domestic
animals of bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species, except in the case of air
transport.
1.2.
Journey times for
animals belonging to the species referred to in point 1.1. shall not exceed eight hours.
1.3.
The maximum
journey time in point 1.2. may be extended if the additional requirements of
Chapter VI are met.
1.4.
The watering and feeding intervals,
journey times and rest periods when using road
vehicles which meet the requirements in point 1.3. are defined as follows:
a
Unweaned calves, lambs, kids and foals which are still on a milk diet and unweaned piglets must, after nine hours of travel, be given a rest period of at least one hour sufficient in particular for them to be given liquid and if necessary fed. After this rest period, they may be
transported for a further nine hours;
b
Pigs may be
transported for a maximum period of 24 hours. During the
journey, they must have continuous access to water;
c
Domestic Equidae may be
transported for a maximum period of 24 hours. During the
journey they must be given liquid and if necessary fed every eight hours;
d
All other
animals of the species referred to in point 1.1. must, after 14 hours of travel, be given a rest period of at least one hour sufficient for them in particular to be given liquid and if necessary fed. After this rest period, they may be
transported for a further 14 hours.
1.5.
After the
journey time laid down,
animals must be unloaded, fed and watered and be rested for at least 24 hours.
1.6.
Animals must not be
transported by train if the maximum
journey time exceeds that laid down in point 1.2. However, the
journey times laid down in point 1.4. shall apply where the conditions laid down in points 1.3. and 1.4, except for rest periods, are met.
1.7.
(a)
Animals must not be
transported by sea if the maximum
journey time exceeds that laid down in point 1.2, unless the conditions laid down in points 1.3. and 1.4, apart from
journey times and rest periods, are met. (b) In the case of
transport by sea on a regular and direct link between two geographical points of the Community by means of
vehicles loaded on to vessels without unloading of the
animals, the latter must be rested for 12 hours after unloading at the port of destination or in its immediate vicinity unless the
journey time at sea is such that the voyage can be included in the general scheme of points 1.2. to 1.4.
1.8.
In the interests of the
animals, the
journey times in points 1.3, 1.4. and 1.7(b) may be extended by two hours, taking account in particular of proximity to the
place of destination.
1.9.
Without prejudice to the provisions of points 1.3. to 1.8, Member States are authorised to provide for a maximum non-extendible
journey time of eight hours for the
transport of
animals destined for slaughter, where the
transport is carried out exclusively from a
place of departure to a
place of destination both situated on their own territory.
2.1.
For poultry, domestic birds and domestic rabbits, suitable food and water shall be available in adequate quantities, save in the case of a
journey lasting less than:
a
12 hours disregarding loading and unloading time; or
b
24 hours for chicks of all species, provided that it is completed within 72 hours after hatching.
2.2.
Dogs and cats being
transported shall be fed at intervals of not more than 24 hours and given water at intervals of not more than eight hours. There shall be clear written instructions about feeding and watering.
2.3.
Other species other than those referred to in point 2.1. or 2.2. shall be
transported in accordance with the written instructions about feeding and watering and taking into account any special care required.
1.1.
The
means of transport shall be equipped with a roof of light-colour and be properly insulated.
1.2.
Animals shall be provided with appropriate bedding or equivalent material which guarantees their comfort appropriate to the species, the number of
animals being
transported, the
journey time, and the weather. This material has to ensure adequate absorption of urine and faeces.
1.3.
The
means of transport shall carry a sufficient quantity of appropriate feedingstuff for the feeding requirements of the
animals in question during the
journey concerned. The feedingstuffs shall be protected from the weather and from contaminants such as dust, fuel, exhaust gases and
animal urine and dung.
1.5.
Where feeding equipment as referred to in paragraph 1.4. is used, it shall be so designed that, if necessary, it is attached to the
means of transport to prevent its being overturned. When the
means of transport is moving and when the equipment is not in use, it shall be stored separate from the
animals.
1.6.
Equidae shall be
transported in individual stalls except mares travelling with their foals.
1.7.
The
means of transport must be fitted with partitions so that separate compartments may be created, while providing all the
animals with free access to water.
1.8.
The partitions shall be constructed in such a way that they can be placed in different positions so that the size of compartment can be adapted to specific requirements, and to the type, size and number of
animals.
Minimum criteria for certain species
—
calves are older than fourteen days,
—
pigs are heavier than 10 kgs.
2.2.
The watering devices shall be in good working order and be appropriately designed and positioned for the categories of
animals to be watered on board the
vehicle.
2.3.
The water tanks' total capacity for each
means of transport shall be at least equal to 1,5 % of its maximum payload. Water tanks must be designed so that they can be drained and cleaned after each
journey and must be fitted with a system allowing their water level to be checked. They must be connected to drinking devices within the compartments and maintained in good working order.
2.4.
A derogation from point 2.3. may apply to sea
containers exclusively used on vessels that supply water to them from the vessel's own water tanks.
3.1.
Ventilation systems on
means of transport by road shall be designed, constructed and maintained in such way that, at any time during the
journey, whether the
means of transport is stationary or moving, they are capable of maintaining a range of temperatures from 5 o C to 30 o C within the
means of transport, for all
animals, with a +/- 5 o C tolerance, depending on the outside temperature.
3.2.
The ventilation system must be capable of ensuring even distribution throughout with a minimum airflow of nominal capacity of 60 m3/h/KN of payload. It must be capable of operating for at least 4 hours, independently of the
vehicle engine.
3.3.
Means of transport by road must be fitted with a temperature monitoring system as well as with a means of recording such data. Sensors must be located in the parts of the lorry which, depending on its design characteristics, are most likely to experience the worst climatic conditions. Temperature recordings obtained in such manner shall be dated and made available to the
competent authority upon request.
3.4.
Means of transport by road must be fitted with a warning system in order to alert the driver when the temperature in the compartments where
animals are located reaches the maximum or the minimum limit.
3.5.
The Commission shall elaborate before 31 July 2005 a report on the basis of an opinion of the European Food Safety Authority, accompanied by appropriate draft measures with a view to establishing a range of maximum and minimum temperatures for the
transported animals, to be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in
Article 31(2), taking into account the prevailing temperatures within certain regions of the Community having particular climatic conditions.
4.1.
Means of transport by road must be equipped as from 1 January 2007 for
means of transport by road for the first time in service and as from 1 January 2009 onwards for all
means of transport, with the appropriate
Navigation System allowing for recording and providing information equivalent to those mentioned in the
journey log as referred to in
Annex II, Section 4, and information concerning opening/closing of the loading flap.
4.2.
The Commission shall submit to the Council, by 1 January 2008, the results of study of
navigation systems and the application of such technology for the purpose of this Regulation.
4.3.
The Commission shall submit to the Council, not later than 1 January 2010, a report on the implementation of the
Navigation System referred to in paragraph 4.2, accompanied by any proposals it would deem appropriate, aimed in particular at defining specifications of the
Navigation System to be used for all
means of transport. The Council shall act on such proposals by qualified majority.
Adult horses
1,75 m 2 (0,7 × 2,5 m) ( *2 )
Young horses 6 — 24 months for journeys of up to 48 hours
1,2 m 2 (0,6 × 2 m)
Young horses 6 — 24 months for journeys over 48 hours
2,4 m 2 (1,2 × 2 m)
Ponies under 144 cm
1 m 2 (0,6 × 1,8 m)
Foals 0 — 6 months
1,4 m 2 (1 × 1,4 m)
Note : During
long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie down Note
Adult horses
1,75 m 2 (0,7 × 2,5 m)
Young horses 6 — 24 months for journeys of up to 48 hours
1,2 m 2 (0,6 × 2 m)
Young horses 6 — 24 months for journeys over 48 hours
2,4 m 2 (1,2 × 2 m)
Ponies under 144 cm
1 m 2 (0,6 × 1,8 m)
Foals 0 — 6 months
1,4 m 2 (1 × 1,4 m)
Note : During
long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie down Note
Live weight in kg
m 2 /animal
Category
Approximate weight (in kg) Area in m 2 /animal
Small calves
50 0,30 to 0,40
Medium sized calves
110 0,40 to 0,70
Heavy calves
200 0,70 to 0,95
Medium sized cattle
325 0,95 to 1,30
Heavy cattle
550 1,30 to 1,60
Very heavy cattle
> 700 > 1,60
These figures may vary, depending not only on the
animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely
journey time.
Category
Approximate weight (in kg) Area in m 2 /animal
Small calves
50 0,30 to 0,40
Medium sized calves
110 0,40 to 0,70
Heavy calves
200 0,70 to 0,95
Medium sized cattle
325 0,95 to 1,30
Heavy cattle
550 1,30 to 1,60
Very heavy cattle
> 700 > 1,60
These figures may vary, depending not only on the
animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely
journey time.
Category
Approximate weight (in kg) Area in m 2 /animal
Live weight in kg
m 2 /animal
Pregnant
animals must be allowed 10 % more space.
Category
Weight in kg Area in m 2 /animal
Shorn sheep
< 55 0,20 to 0,30
Unshorn sheep
< 55 0,30 to 0,40
Heavily pregnant ewes
< 55 0,40 to 0,50
Heavily pregnant goats
< 55 0,40 to 0,50
The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the
animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the
journey time.
Category
Weight in kg Area in m 2 /animal
Shorn sheep and lambs of 26 kg and over
< 55 0,20 to 0,30
Unshorn sheep
< 55 0,30 to 0,40
Heavily pregnant ewes
< 55 0,40 to 0,50
Heavily pregnant goats
< 55 0,40 to 0,50
The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the
animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the
journey time. As an indication: for small lambs, an area of under 0,2 m 2 per
animal may be provided. 2
Average weight in kg
Surface area per sheep/goat (in m 2 )
Live weight in kg
m 2 /animal
Average weight
Surface area per pig
Live weight in kg
m 2 /animal
Day-old chicks
21 — 25 per chick
Poultry other than day-old chicks: weight in kg
Area in cm 2 per kg
These figures may vary depending not only on the weight and size of the birds but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely
journey time.